Republic Aviation

Republic Aviation was a great company. The Seversky Aircraft Company was founded in 1931 and reorganized on October 13, 1939, to become Republic Aviation. In July 1965 Fairchild acquired Republic Aviation and it became a division of Fairchild Hiller in September 1965. In 1981 on the 50th Anniversary employees were given a plastic Frisbee to commemorate this event.  Republic Aviation’s plant was in Farmingdale, Long Island it produced quite a few famous aircraft.

Republic Aviation (then Fairchild Republic) had nine (9) aircraft with the word ‘Thunder’ in their names – as follows:

  • Thunderbolt – P-47 (the 1st one – the “Jug”)
  • Thunderjet – F-84 (straight wings)
  • Thunderstreak – F-84F (swept wings)
  • Thunderflash – RF-84F (Photo Reconnaissance)
  • “Thunderscreech” (nickname) – XF-84H – it was developed from theF-84F. Its propeller could spin at 3,000rpm due to its turboprop engine and the noise levels it produced would cause physical pain. The tips of the propeller blades reached Mach 1.18.
  • Thunderceptor – XF-91
  • Thunderwarrior – XF-103
  • Thunderchief – F-105 (the “Thud”)
  • Thunderbolt II – A-10 (the 2nd one – the “Warthog”)

World War II Era

Republic built 15,660 P-47 Thunderbolt’s (affectionately known as the Jug) during WWII. They were known for their durability. P-47’s were flown in both the European and Pacific theaters of operation.

Korean War Era

The F-84 Thunderjet was flown with distinction during the Korean War. The earlier models had straight wings, and the later models had swept wings.

Vietnam War Era

F-105 Thunderchief (it was affectionately known as the Thud). The F-105 distinguished itself during the Vietnam War and it was also known for its durability. The F-105F two-seat Thud were used in the Wild Weasel role to find and destroy SAM sites.

Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria

A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft were deployed to all the above places.

The A-10 Thunderbolt II is known as and called the Warthog. It has a 30mm GAU-8 Avenger cannon. This cannon (like a gatling gun) surely ruins the bad guy’s day. The A-10 first flew on May 10th, 1972. Over the years there have been many attempts to retire the A-10 and they have all failed. In June 2017 it was announced that the A-10 will be kept in the USAF inventory indefinitely.

In 1981 the USAF needed to replace the aging Cessna T-37 Trainer known as the Tweet – it had been flying since 1957. Fairchild submitted a bid for a trainer which was designated the T-46. It first flew on October 15th, 1985. The T-46 was the last project of Fairchild Republic Corporation.  Fairchild-Republic folded in 1987 when its parent company Fairchild liquidated it. The plant in Farmingdale, Long Island closed its doors on March 13, 1987, a Friday, Friday the 13th.

 

 

Pratt & Whitney

Pratt & Whitney manufactures aircraft engines. On their famous logo with the Eagle, it says: “Dependable Engines”. In later years the company had the following slogan: “The Eagle means Business”. They have been manufacturing engines (piston and jet) since 1925. The man who started it was Frederick Brant Rentschler. And you thought the company was started by two people named Pratt and Whitney!

 

Well, the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft story is a fairly long and convoluted one. Rentschler founded Wright Aeronautical. Wright Aeronautical was previously Wright-Martin. Wright-Martin was a merger of the Glenn L. Martin Company and the Wright Company which occurred in 1916.  Wright Company was created by Orville and Wilbur Wright. Glenn Martin resigned from Wright-Martin in 1917. The company was renamed Wright Aeronautical in 1919. The Wright “Whirlwind” engine was used on the plane that the famed aviator Charles Lindbergh flew solo nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean on May 21, 1927. Then in 1924 Rentschler left Wright Aeronautical with some engineers after a dispute regarding funding for an air-cooled engine which the government requested development of.  So Rentschler headed to Connecticut to Pratt & Whitney which at the time was called the “Pratt & Whitney Machine Tool Company”. It was founded in 1860 by Francis A. Pratt and Amos Whitney (a cousin of Eli Whitney). They were located in Hartford, Connecticut.  Pratt & Whitney provided funds, building facilities, and even their name. Pratt & Whitney Aircraft was incorporated in 1925.

 

The following is but a short list of well-known aircraft that have had Pratt & Whitney engines installed on them:

 

B-52 Stratofortress (1952) – the J57

Boeing 707 (1958) – the JT3

SR-71 Blackbird (1964) – the J58

Boeing 747 (1966) – the JT9D

F-15 Eagle (1970) – the F100

Boeing 727 (1980) – the JT8D

Boeing 747 (1987) – the PW4000

Boeing 777 (1989) – the PW4084

F/A-22 Raptor (1991) – the F119

 

Pratt & Whitney Aircraft manufactured 363,610 piston aircraft engines during World War II which was nearly half of all the engines produced.

 

Charles Lindbergh was once employed at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft The desk he used can be seen at the Pratt & Whitney Museum in Hartford, CT.  Connecticut’s economy relies in large part on the Defense Industry and Pratt & Whitney Aircraft is the state’s largest private employer.

 

Over the years Pratt & Whitney Aircraft has made engines that have been installed in a large variety of civil and military aircraft. They have also made engines (both piston and jet) that have been used to generate electrical power on the ground. Their power plants have been installed in U.S. Navy ships. They even in had small helicopter turbine engines installed on Indy and Formula One racing cars. Pratt & Whitney Aircraft also has a division in Canada that was founded in 1928. It makes turboprop engines for small aircraft.

 

In 1929 Rentschler incorporated the company called: “United Aircraft and Transport Company”.  The creation of United Airlines came about from this company. United Aircraft and Transport Company then became United Aircraft Corporation which was comprised of the following four companies: Pratt & Whitney, Vought Aircraft (from Chance Vought – another aviation legend – but this company left in 1954), Sikorsky Aircraft (from famed helicopter inventor Igor Sikorsky), and Hamilton-Standard which makes propellers. Then in 1975 United Aircraft Corporation became the United Technologies Corporation which we know today.  United Technologies Corporation or UTC also has Carrier (air conditioning and refrigeration) and Otis (elevators) as business units.

A Fighter Pilot’s Life (fiction)

He was just a boy of 10. It was 1933. He was sitting on a stone wall looking out at the wheat field of his family farm. All he knew up to this point in his life was living and working on the farm and he didn’t have a problem with that. His name was Tom. His full name was Thomas B. Fuller. The “B” stood for Bennett, his mother’s maiden name. Nobody called him Thomas except his mother and that was only when she wanted his attention or when he was in some kind of trouble, which wasn’t very often. He wasn’t called Tommy either, just Tom. Tom realized the country was in the depths of a depression, but his family was getting by. The Fuller Family had lived on and ran this farm in Nebraska for over 80 years. Even though they would have been considered poor Tom didn’t think so. He had a family that loved him, had a roof over his head and clothes on his back. Since he lived on a farm, they had wheat, vegetables, cows, pigs, and chickens so he never wanted for food.

 

On that day sitting on the stone wall Tom heard a sound overhead, looked up and saw an airplane. He had never seen one before. He had heard about airplanes from Pete Smith when he went to town. Pete was known as ‘Ole Pete’ but Tom didn’t know why because Pete didn’t seem that old. Pete had served as a Fighter Pilot in WWI but didn’t like to talk about the war. When Tom would ask Pete what it was like to fly an airplane Pete’s eyes would light up. Pete would describe the joy and exhilaration of flying, and what is was like to be free from the bonds of earth. When Tom saw that airplane flying through the sky he started to run, following it, waving his arms wildly. The pilot dipped his wings acknowledging Tom. At that moment Tom vowed that someday he would be a pilot.

 

Tom’s schooling was uneventful; his math skills could have been a little stronger. He was also a little on the shy side, not a social butterfly, but he was friendly. When he graduated from high school in 1941, he knew that his family didn’t have the money to send him to college but that didn’t matter to Tom.  Then on that fateful day, in December when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the whole world and Tom’s life changed. The next day Tom went to town and signed up for the Army. After his basic training Tom was sent to San Antonio, Texas to start his training in the U.S. Army Air Corps. The training wasn’t easy. But his instructor told him he was one of the best stick-and-rudder men he had ever seen. Tom was sent to Europe. He flew the P-51 Mustang. It was a fast, stunningly beautiful airplane and he loved flying it. Even though flying provided Tom with much happiness the job he was assigned to do would not be considered a happy one. He was fully aware that Nazi Germany was evil, and the allies were fighting on the side of good. He would escort bombers, because the P-51 fighters were known as ‘little friends’. He would shoot at German Fighters to protect the bombers. With the four 50 caliber machine guns, the enemy’s airplanes would sustain very heavy damage. Tom was also tasked with strafing ground positions such as troop trains, aircraft hangars, trucks, tanks, and columns of enemy troops. When they say war is hell, it is true.

 

After the war Tom went back to the family farm. It was now 1948, Tom was 25, and he decided he would take advantage of the G.I. Bill and go to college. He liked History and decided to major in that. In a very short time history was to take a big part in Tom’s life again. The Korean Conflict started in 1950. Since Tom was a WWII Veteran and had already flown in combat, he again found himself in an airplane, this time as an F-86 Sabre pilot. The U.S. Army Air Corps was now the United States Air Force. He flew over the Yalu River in Northwestern North Korea in an area known as MiG Alley. The ‘dogfights’ were a big part of being an F-86 Sabre fighter pilot. He would also strafe ground targets and provide Close Air Support. The war was over in 1953 and Tom went home. He had made a promise to himself that he would finish his college education and get a teaching degree in History. Tom found a job working at the hardware store in town and the owner let him live in the small apartment upstairs. Now he was settled down at home during peacetime with a job and attending college. After completing college he got a history teaching position at a local community college. So instead of participating in history as he had in WWII and the Korean Conflict, he was teaching it to young people. That is where Tom met the most beautiful woman in the world – her name was Mary. Mary Ellen Palmer to be exact. They met on a cool autumn day in October of 1955 and they started dating. Before long they had a full-time relationship. They were very much in love. A couple of years went by and Tom and Mary decided to get married. They planned on getting married in 1958 on the 12th of June. Tom was 34 now and Mary was 33. They weren’t a rich couple and didn’t have a lot of material things, but they were happy. It was now the 1960’s and it seemed that anything was possible. The country had a young president and human beings were beginning to explore space. Tom and Mary were now thinking of having children as Mary was now 36. They had a 5-1/2 pound baby boy on May 12th, 1961 and his name was Charles Daniel Fuller. They called him Charlie.

 

As the years went buy Charlie grew older and Tom and Mary’s marriage kept growing stronger. It was now 1969 and Tom had become a Professor of History at the University and he was working on writing a book. The year 1969 was a year of wonder with man landing on the moon and it also was a year of trouble and strife with the war in Vietnam and the protests at home. In 1973 Tom turned 50 and his book “Homeward Journey” was published. It was a story about war veterans coming home. Tom himself had close friends from two wars that did not make it home. Tom and Mary now had a little more disposable income and decided to take a vacation to Tahiti. It was now 1978 and they had been married for 20-years so they felt they deserved the vacation. The next year, 1979, when Charlie turned 18, he joined the Air Force.  He applied to Officers Candidate School (OCS) and was accepted. After he became a 2nd Lieutenant he applied for Flight School. It wasn’t easy getting accepted even with his father’s service. But he eventually got accepted. The Flight School took a little over a year and it was hard work.  Tom was so proud of him when he received his pilot’s wings. Charlie learned how to fly an F-15 Eagle and was stationed at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia. Then in August of 1990 he was deployed to Saudi Arabia for Operation Desert Shield.  Tom thought that things had now come full circle.

New England Air Museum (NEAM)

My wife and I had returned from a trip to upstate New York in March 2015 and on our way home we stopped at the New England Air Museum.  It is a gem of a museum nestled in the tranquil woodlands next to Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.  Back in 1969 it was called the Bradley Air Museum, but on October 3, 1979 the museum was struck by a tornado and almost completely destroyed.  The museum closed and was reopened in 1981. It was in 1984 that it became the New England Air Museum (NEAM).  It is owned and operated by the Connecticut Aeronautical Historical Association.

The museum houses a diverse assortment of aircraft in its collection, both inside and on the grounds outside.  They have both military and civilian aircraft sections with over 125 aircraft on display.  The centerpiece of the museum is the Boeing B-29 bomber ‘Jack Hack’.  In addition to ‘Jack Hack, they also have a Lockheed Electra which is similar to the one flown by Amelia Earhart in her attempt to fly around the world.  Among the aircraft on the outside grounds is the Burnelli CBY-3 Loadmaster.  Its fuselage, when seen from the side, was in the shape of a wing and is one of the last ones known to exist.  The museum is currently restoring it. The B-29 was also restored by the museum in their restoration hangar.

 

AUTHOR’s NOTE: My wife and I visited the New England Air Museum again on May 17th, 2022, and the Burnelli CBY-3 Loadmaster was in the hangar and was restored. And one of the docents allowed me to go inside it – see below:

 

On Sundays, the museum has what they call ‘Open Cockpit Sunday’ in which patrons are allowed to climb into the cockpits of a variety of aircraft.  This is one of the museum’s most popular events.  Other events include lectures and presentations given by people in the aviation business.  Numerous educational workshops and fun activities are also scheduled throughout the year.  Interactive and static displays are placed throughout the museum along with many historical artifacts.  Connecticut based aviation companies such as Sikorsky, Kaman, Vought, Hamilton Standard, and Pratt & Whitney are highlighted with aircraft (fixed-wing and rotary), engines, and other various equipment.  They also feature WWI and lighter-than-air craft eras.

Functions such as conferences, dinners, school field trips, and birthday parties can be held at the museum.  Memberships with discounted admissions and gift shop discounts are available for purchase on site, by mail, or through the internet.  The gift shop also has an array of clothing, books, airplane models, games, and various other aviation themed novelties available.  There is also a small dining area and free parking.  They are open 7 days a week from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m.  They are closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day.  Please note that if you visit in the summer months the hangar sections are not air conditioned.

You can visit their website at:   www.neam.org

Charles Lindbergh – The Lone Eagle during WWII in the Pacific

Charles Lindbergh, the famous aviator, was against America going into WWII. After the Pearl Harbor attacks, however, he wanted to do whatever he could for the war effort. President Roosevelt didn’t want a national hero to be involved in any actual combat lest he got hurt or killed. Also, the president held some deep resentment against Mr. Lindbergh because of Lindbergh’s activities before the war.

So, in May 1944 Charles Lindbergh became a Technical Advisor/Consultant to the United Aircraft Company which required him to Field Test the F4U Corsair with the Marine Corps at Guadalcanal. He flew on 14 combat missions. Then in June 1994 he went to the lush tropical island of Emirau (also spelled Emira). This island is in the St. Matthias Group or Islands, also known as the Mussau Islands, in the Bismarck Archipelago that makes up part of Papua New Guinea.  Papua New Guinea is approximately 125 north of Australia.

Lindbergh was stationed with the 475th Fighter Group which was part of the 5th Air Force. This group was known as “Satan’s Angels.”  He would be flying the Lockheed P-38 Lightning. He took part in 50 combat missions and even shot down 1 enemy plane.

As an observer he quickly calculated that the combat radius of the P-38 could be extended by 30%. A standard technique at the time was to cruise at 2200 – 2400 rpms with a fuel/air mixture set to auto-rich with the manifold pressure set to low. Lindbergh called for only 1600 rpm with a fuel/air mixture set to auto-lean and a manifold pressure set to high. This reduced fuel consumption to between 63 and 70 gallons per hour from 90 to 100 gallons per hour. The cruising speed was around 185 mph. The P-38’s used to fly a five-hour mission and come back on fumes, but after taking Lindbergh’s advice, the range of the P-38’s increased as much as 400 miles. The mission’s (bomber escort and loiter) time was increased to nine hours with fuel to spare. I doubt that the pilot’s enjoyed sitting in the cockpit for nine hours!

When Lindbergh first gave his advice for extending the range of the P-38, the pilots and especially the mechanics were against it. The mechanics thought that the engines would be put under too much strain and that parts of the engines would rapidly wear out. But after the P-38’s came back from missions; the mechanics would strip the engines down and find no abnormal wear or tear. Lindbergh was vindicated, but he chose not to lord that over anyone. He let his actions speak for him.